Leadership Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Leadership - Case Study Example The university in so doing will require the stakeholders to show acceptance and positive regard towards the expected change. They can attain this issue through being polite and considerate instead of being arrogant when criticizing the change efforts. All the stakeholders or interested individuals as well as the subordinates should be treated with respect as individual. When A.F will be required to provide his explanation for the new selection, he will need to be patient and helpful when giving instructions and explanations (Tsui, Zhang, Wang, Xin, & Wu, 2006). The university needs to express their confidence in A.F to be able to make a good selection that will be used to in the future to help in achieving the course objectives. For A.F to be able to make a good choice of book that everyone will support, he will need to involve all the staff and everyone important to his selection process. He will also need to delegate responsibilities to people, a committee like, to help in making section decision. He will also need to provide relevant information and materials needed by the team t make a good selection. A.F will also need, among other efforts, to let the team develop confidence in him, encourage and support group initiatives as well as recognizing important contribututions from the team members. When it is established that student evaluation of the course that was updated for the new textbook are revealing extremely poor student satisfaction, there are various steps that need to be taken in order to deal with the situation. The first step to deal with it will be to increase the textbook supplies in case the dissatisfaction is because of the shortage in supply of the books. At the same time, if the cause of dissatisfaction is that the textbook is user unfriendly, experienced personnel should be added to help the students with how to go about reading the book (Turnley & Bolino, 2001). Similarly, a

In what ways does the environment appear to shape organisations Essay

In what ways does the environment appear to shape organisations - Essay Example Political stability and civilized social culture are some other environmental factors; organizations are looking for before investing in a country. Most of the African countries are infamous for the internal agitations and political instability. Such countries are incapable of attracting foreign direct investment because of the negative environment they possess for the business build up. In short, healthy environment is essential for organizations to cement their bases and strategies. Business Psychology is one of the rapidly developing business segments in which the psychology of the employees, and the environmental parameters (customers, society and other stakeholders) are comprehensively investigated. Proper awareness of psychological dimensions of the environment can help the organization immensely in advertising, public relations and the way in which the organization visualise its customers and in the management of organization- employee relationships. This paper briefly explains the environmental impacts on organizations. Musacco Ph.D (2009) has argued that harassment, mobbing, bullying, and emotional abuses are common at the workplaces which resulted in increased fear and minimal trust between workers (Musacco Ph.D, 2009, p.2). No two individuals are alike either in their physical appearance or in their behaviours. An organization is a place where different people from different social, economical, cultural, communal and political backgrounds are working together. These people may have extremely different attitudes and characters. Even though they are working for the same organization, it is difficult for them to leave all their individual differences outside the organization and work for the common objectives inside the organization. Different opinions and views may occur between workers which may often result in harassment, mobbing, bullying, and emotional

Leadership and teamwork in nursing

Leadership and teamwork in nursing ABSTRACT Introduction: The treatment of vertebral osteomyelitis includes antibiotics with or without surgical intervention. Debridement is warranted for the treatment of idiopathic spondylo-discitis in case of neurological deficits, deformity, instability, abscess formation, intractable pain or failure of medical management. The use of instrumentation is still controversial. Objective: Is to evaluate the surgical outcome of idiopathic lumbar spondylodiscitis treated with posterior debridement combined with single-stage posterior instrumentation and autologus bone grafting. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the outcome of 15 cases of idiopathic lumbar spondylo-discitis treated with posterior debridement combined with single-stage posterior instrumentation and grafting. All patients were followed up for up to 1 year post-operative. We evaluated operative time, blood loss, and complications. Visual analogue scale (VAS), activities of daily living (ADL) (Barthel index), C reactive proteins (CRP), and Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in the preoperative, postoperative and final follow-up periods were used to evaluate the surgical outcome. Results: All 15 cases of lumbar infections resolved without recurrence. Bony union was obtained in all cases. Twelve out of 15 patients (80%) were completely relieved of pain and fully active with improvement neurological deficits, while the other 3 patients (20%) obtained a good result. No post-operative major complications were reported among the studied group. There were two superficial infections, which healed with debridement and antibiotics. Conclusion: According to the results reported in this short study, the proposed technique is an effective and safe treatment for idiopathic lumbar spondylo-discitis, if surgery is mandatory. Keywords: spondylo-discitis, debridement, posterior fixation. INTRODUCTION The increasing number of spinal infections has become a global health concern. It is currently due to reactivation of latent infections, more drug resistant agents and more immuno-compromised patients. It has been shown that delay in diagnosis can lead to increased morbidity and mortality, early diagnosis and treatment are therefore of paramount importance.(1) Spinal infections encompass a spectrum of conditions comprising spondylitis, discitis, spondylodiscitis, pyogenic facet arthropathy, epidural infection, meningitis, polyradiculopathy and myelitis. All of these have a specific presentation and clinical course.(2) Osteomyelitis of the spine accounts for approximately 1 to 7% of all osseous infections. In recent years, there have been an increasing incidence of spinal infections, which is now estimated to occur in approximately 1/100,000 individuals annually. This rise may be attributed to the increasing prevalence of elderly and immuno-compromised individuals in the population.(3) The predominant organism in almost all studies is Staphylococcus aureus, accounting for approximately 40 to 80% of all spinal infections. Other Gram-positive organisms such as S. epidermidis and Streptococcus species are also common.(4) Establishing the diagnosis of vertebral osteomyelitis in a timely fashion is critical to preventing catastrophic neurological injury. In the modern imaging era, magnetic resonance imaging, in particular, has facilitated the diagnosis of osteomyelitis even before the onset of neurological signs or symptoms. Nevertheless, despite advancements in diagnosis, there remains disagreement regarding appropriate treatment. Antibiotics are the main- stay of therapy.(5) The treatment of pyogenic spondylodiscitis with intravenous antibiotics is universally agreed upon. More than 75% of patients can be treated with intravenous antibiotics and immobilization.(6) Although no difference in clinical outcomes has been observed when comparing antibiotics alone with antibiotics plus surgical debridement, debridement of infected and dead tissue removes the source of continuing sepsis, may allow shorter courses of antibiotic treatment and may also allow early mobilization of the patient.(7) Surgery is generally reserved for patients with neurological involvement, spinal instability, severe deformity, and/or those in whom antibiotics alone have not been effective. Current surgical treatment options include anterior or posterior decompression with or without fusion, and with or without instrumentation. The fact that there exist several alternative surgical approaches highlights the lack of a consensus on the optimal operative treatment for vertebral osteomyelitis. The decision to place instrumentation into an infected spinal column remains controversial. Numerous authors have shown that instrumentation in patients with osteomyelitis can be performed safely.(8) There is still controversy about the best surgical treatment. Many spine surgeons are unwilling to place an implant in an infected area. Some authors go one step further and advocate debridement-only surgery, followed by antibiotic treatment and second- stage instrumentation. Other authors propose single-stage anterior decompression, bone grafting and instrumentation.(9) Aim of the work The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the surgical outcome of idiopathic lumbar spondylodiscitis treated with posterior debridement combined with single-stage posterior instrumentation and autologus bone grafting. METHODS This retrospective study included 15 patients (9 males, 6 females) with a mean age of 66 years (range: 43-80) who were admitted to El-Menoufia University Hospitals Neurosurgical Department, in the period from Aug 2007 to Nov 2008. The inclusion criteria were: MRI of lumbo-sacral spine showing evidence of spondylodiscitis. Plain radiographs revealed disc space narrowing with erosion and sclerosis of the adjacent end-plates. Persistent high levels of laboratory tests: white blood cell count (WBC; count/mm3), C-reactive protein (CRP; mg/dl) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR; mm/h). Failure of conservative treatment for about 3 months. Development of neurological deficit. The exclusion criteria were: Postoperative spondylodiscitis. Decreasing ESR and CRP levels with conservative treatment. Medically unfit patients. The mean duration of symptoms before admission was 3.7 months (range: 0.5 to 12 months) and the mean duration of conservative treatment before surgery was 2.2 months (range: 1 to 3 months). The average follow-up period was 12 months. Six out of 15 patients (40 %) had an elevated white blood cell count, while all 15 had an elevated ESR and CRP level .Plain radiographs, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with and without contrast were performed in all patients. Conservative treatment was given to all cases preoperatively in the form of two bactericidal and synergistic antibiotics were administered intravenously in high doses: mostly a first-generation cephalosporin and an aminoglycoside. Postoperatively, the antibiotics were adapted to the antibiogram performed on the specimens obtained. The duration of treatment was determined by the clinical evolution, the ESR and the C-reactive protein. Generally speaking, the antibiotics were administered intravenously for 6 weeks, and orally for 6 weeks. Patients were operated in the prone position for the posterior instrumentation and grafting. A meticulous debridement of all granulation tissue, devitalized disc and sequestra was carried out to the point where healthy cancellous bone is exposed. Wide decompression of the thecal sac was done, with drainage of any epidural abscess and depridment of any necrotic tissue, which were submitted for bacteriological culture and sensitivity, and histological examination. Finally, trans-pedicular screw fixation was done combined with autologus done chips graft. Postoperatively all patients were immediately mobilized with an external lumbo-sacral orthosis. Duration of surgery and operative blood loss were recorded. The clinical outcome was assessed according to Barthel Index,(10) which has been used since the 1960s because of its high reliability and validity, as regards the activities of daily living (ADL), and the VPAS as regards the severity of back pain. Fig 1: Preoperative sagittal MRI-scan of the lumbar spine. T2-weighted images showing L3-L4 spondylodiscitis. Fig 2: A, B. Postoperative antero-posterior and lateral radiographs showing L3-L4 posterior trans-pedicular screw fixation RESULTS After surgery, infection was successfully controlled in all patients, with return of the white blood cell count, ESR and CRP to normal within a mean period of 4 months (range, 2 to 6 months). Two patients (13% of cases) had a superficial wound infection which healed with debridement and antibiotics. The estimated blood loss was 650 ml (range 450-1000 ml). The mean duration of surgery was 3 hours (range: 2 hours to 4 hours). Bony fusion with incorporation of the graft was achieved in all patients. . Table I: Pre-operative clinical presentations No. % Persistent low back pain 15 100 % Radiculopathy 12 80 % Constitutional symptoms 6 40 % Table II: Pre-operative laboratory findings No. % Elevated ESR 15 100 % Elevated CRP 10 66 % Leukocytosis 6 40 % Table III: Pre-operative radiological leveling No. % L 3/4 spondylodiscitis 8 53 % L4/5 Spondylodiscitis 5 33 % L5/S1 Spondylodiscitis 2 14 % Table IV: Associated risk factors No. % DM 5 33 % Chronic Liver Disease 2 14 % Urinary tract infection 4 28 % Table V: Post-operative outcome according to Barthel Index No. % Excellent 12 80 % Good 3 20 % Total 15 100 % DISCUSSION Although there have been advances in diagnosis and treatment of spinal infections with further refinement of microbiological and histopathological techniques, early detection and management remain a matter of considerable difficulty.(11) A correct diagnosis may be delayed by more than a month in over two thirds of the patients. A rise in the worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s elderly and immuno-compromised populations is bringing an increased incidence of pyogenic and granulomatous infections of the spine, hence, timely diagnosis of pyogenic spondylodiscitis with back pain and fever may prevent greater tissue destruction, spinal instability and progressive neurological deficit. Advances in therapy have reduced mortality rates, but early diagnosis is essential for a satisfactory outcome.(12) The exact cause of lumbar spondylodiscitis is controversial; some authors believe that there are two types of spondylodiscitis, a septic form caused by an infectious agent and an aseptic form resulting from an inflammatory reaction. (13) Others believe that there is no such thing as an aseptic spondylodiscitis and that this form is actually the result of a less virulent, low grade infection.(14) Once inoculated, the process of infection and discitis begins. More than often, the main causative organism is not identified. When an organism is identified, the most common infectious etiologic agent is Staphylococcus aureus followed by other Staphylococcus species and anaerobic organisms. Other less common organisms include Streptococcus viridans and other Streptococcus species, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa.(15) Traditionally, the mainstay treatment of pyogenic infections of the spine remains medical management, with external immobilization and culture specific antibiotics for a minimum of 4 to 6 weeks. However, large clinical series have demonstrated the need for surgical intervention in up to 43% to 57% of the patients, in case of neurological compromise, deformity, instability, abscess formation, extensive destruction, intractable pain or failure of medical management.(16) Because all the patients in our study were from the low socio-economic class and because of the difficulty to identify the causative organism, we elected not to perform CT guided biopsy and give the patients empirical broad spectrum antibiotics covering both aerobic and anerobic pathogens. It has been reported that the most sensitive laboratory studies indicative of the presence of an inflammatory process are the ESR and the CRP. However, it should be noted that in adults, ESR trends are confused by associated medical conditions. Nevertheless, the ESR was a useful tool in the management of adult pyogenic spondylodiscitis, and the authors of most studies on this matter, view a 60 to 85% reduction in the ESR as compatible with eradication of infection, and this correlates with the results in our study which reported reduction of ESR in 80% of case.(17) MRI is the radiographic imaging modality of choice in diagnosing lumbar spondylodiscitis with a reported sensitivity and specificity of 93% and 97%, respectively. It has been shown that MRI is superior in showing loss of disc space height. This can be accompanied with erosion of the vertebral end plates above and below the infected disc space, and these changes were reported in all cases included in our study.(18) In the surgical treatment of spondylodiscitis, numerous authors have advocated a staged operation with a period of antibiotic therapy bridging the debridement and instrumentation procedures. Open surgical drainage for spondylodiscitis was historically reserved for patients with an epidural abscess. The prognosis is stated to be better when treatment is instituted early during the infection.(19) Posterior debridement combined with trans-pedicular screw fixation has been advocated by several authors. Dai et al(20) obtained 100% of good results with this technique in a series of 22 cases and we used the same technique in this short study. The first series describing the consistent placement of posterior instrumentation at the time of debridement was published in 1988 by Redfern et al(21) In 1996, Rath et al(22) reported on a series of 43 patients with thoracic or lumbar spondylodiscitis who were treated entirely via a posterior approach. This approach is based on the principle that instrumentation placed posteriorly involves a second operating field that is not (at least directly) contaminated. Single-stage procedure surgery (autograft and posterior instrumentation) was used in this study and its results correlates with the Kuklo et al(23) study which included 21 patients with pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis managed by a single-stage with neither recurrence of infection nor perioperative complications. A single-stage procedure has several advantages, such as avoidance of a second anesthesia, reduced blood loss, avoidance of graft displacement during transfers, earlier mobilization, less anxiety for the patient, shortened hospital stay and less expense. (23) According to Barthel Index,(10) 80 % of our patients had an excellent result, without pain or restriction of activity. From a neurological viewpoint, ten patients (83%) of the 12 with a neurological deficit improved and these findings were consistent with Fayazi et al(24) who reported 85% improvement after posterior approach for lumbar spondylo-discitis. After posterior instrumentation, fusion rates up to 93% and 96% have been reported (25) the current study yielded a 100% fusion rate. As stated by Hadjipavlou et al(26) posterior stabilization through instrumentation was the critical factor in these improved results. We believe that posterior instrumentation and grafting is the principal stabilizer of the vertebral column in order to achieve a successful fusion. Conclusion Although this is a limited series, we found that a posterior debridement combined with trans-pedicular screw fixation and autologus grafting may be a safe and effective surgical treatment for selected patients with lumbar spondylodiscitis and may not be associated with recurrent hardware infections and/or any major complications.

Essay --

Leadership, as shown in the video, is very broad. Leadership is grouping people and influencing them to work together as one in order to achieve a common goal or vision. It can either be the promoter of world peace, a powerful innovation, or even the initiator of war. Leadership, in both ways, requires someone to do what one loves to do because leaders excel in their own ways and in their own fields of interest. Every day we meet leaders, some from religious organizations, some are from political parties, school organizations, professional organizations, and others are from rebellious organizations. In the video, being a leader is shown mainly in how one reacts to the society and environment as a whole. A leader must have clear mission and sense of purpose so that he can foster guidance when chaotic opinions and situations arise. Members’ roles must be clearly defined and the relevance of each must be disseminated. A leader emphasizes the vision so that the team can imagine and follow what they wanted to fulfil in the long run. Also, a leader must set short term goals and track progress of each member or of the team. Adherence to the strategic and tactical plans requires perseverance to attain the desired outcome. Constantly achieving the weekly goals will enable the leader to track the performance of the team, effectiveness of his leadership, and how far they are from the objective. Further, competence is an important factor of successful leadership by showing that a leader must be experienced or specialized in the field of interest they have chosen in order to quickly grasp the needed information and react responsively to solve concerns and constraints. But not all are born competent leaders; some gain their expertise along ... ...at all times or perhaps right from the start, it is his perseverance and passion to stand and try again that defines how good he is and where his endeavours will bring him. No matter the odds, it is, after all, the courage that matters. Therefore, the video reminds us of the different facets of leadership – some are born leader, some are not, some are capable to lead but does wrongly, some are aspirant leaders, and some are warriors. Hence, leadership, in its broad form, has no age limits, no time frames, no rich or poor, no racial and gender discriminations, and nothing at all. The challenges, previously mentioned, are all manageable, it just actually depends how one perceives and faces the obstacles because every problem has solutions. Leadership can actually start anywhere and anytime by anyone - you just have to find your passion and courage to stand and lead.

Impact of the internet Essay

Since the advent of the internet, the world has experienced many changes in various aspects of life including the social set up. There is virtually no limit to the information that one can access from the internet just from the comfort of ones chair or bed depending on where you are logged in. Getting in touch with people from any corner of the world has been reduced to just a few strokes of the keys and a click of the mouse. The social impacts of these are many. To start with, there is social alienation leading to complete lose of physical touch with relatives and friends. Individuals are tending to keep away from education and work places. The outcome of this is that people tend to lack face to face socialization as they just get locked up behind there computers. According to Brian, people tend to become significantly depressed, stressed and lonely with one another as they spend many hours chatting in the internet (Brian W, 2006). Even though chat rooms in the net provide almost the same interactive approach to socialization, it however lacks the in–person connection necessary for people to develop acceptable social skills. It is feared that this lack of touch will affect the way the young people socialize especially in communities that dictates strong interpersonal relationships whether it is to the families or friends. This is just one good example of a culture that faces being thrown out or being given little significance by the people due to advent of the internet. Another big change brought to the society due to internet is the lose of identity since most people especially in the urban set up are getting strongly attached to the new culture adopted from the internet . Almost all communities uphold good moral standards in the societies. However, with advent of internet, this has been completely put at stake. High percentage of pictures and videos in the net are pornographic in nature. There are new cultures coming up in the society like establishing online friends. This is common with the many social sites like nimbuzz, tweeter and facebook. Furthermore, dating culture has shifted to the net where there are many sites to look for soul mate. The ease with which people access the friends highly jeopardizes the morality of the society. Politically the freedom of flow of information is suggestion of the democratic level in a country. The internet is one of the technological means in the area of information and knowledge revolution. The internet therefore bears political culture in many meanings. As a fast and handy way of disseminating information, many governments have started using the internet to reach out to the public. There are various government sites with government information. In addition, many people converse about political issues over the net through chat rooms and networking sites. Internet is an available means through which people concerned with politics communicate since it has a gigantic storage capacity (Hasan A, 2005). The internet is an arena that has experienced rapid growth economically. The net is no longer just a place for getting simple information and walk away. It has turned out to be taking the place of learning institutions. It is like a playing field full of games and even a shopping mall full of goods of all sorts. Actually, there is a lot of business carried out in the net. Various companies’ enterprise on providing internet services. They host the internet backbones acting as internet access points, service providers between countries and continents (Andrew O, 1998). They reap a lot profit due to the increasing high demand for internet services, though there is a lot of competition as more people also venture in to get the benefits.

Nuclear Battery

The short and unpredictable nature of the conventional chemical batteries, along with the frequent replacements that they require, has created an acute need for a reliable, longer-lasting and rugged source of energy. Moreover Radars, spacecrafts, interstellar probes and other advanced communication devices require much larger power than that can be met by conventional energy sources. The solution to long term energy source is the nuclear powered batteries which have a life span of few decades and can pack in energy densities thousands of time greater than conventional battery sources.Hence, there is an urgent need to harvest enormous amount of energy released naturally by the tiny bits of radioactive material. Unlike conventional nuclear power generating devices, these batteries do not rely on the fission or fusion reactions and do not generate any radioactive material as by-product. They promise clean, safe, reliable and almost endless energy without any drop in its yield or efficie ncy during its entire life span-which runs up to minimum of 10 years. They are generally used as power sources in unmanned and unmaintained locations requiring energy for longer durations.Nuclear batteries are not only going to replace conventional batteries, chargers and adapters but also present innovative means of powering portable devices. The nuclear battery technology is geared up to make way into commonly used day to day product like cell phones, laptops, automobiles etc. Surely it is battery of future. INTRODUCTION In this day and age of miniaturization the size of electronic circuitry has been diminishing at a astonishingly dizzying pace but the batteries that power these devices are not keeping up with them.The world of tomorrow that the technology manifests will be a very small one and we will need smaller batteries to power it !! Be it our personal laptops or cell phones, batteries still occupy a significant portion of the volume. The reason being the batteries are still nothing more than cans of chemicals like they were two centuries ago. They have not undergone any significant change in their functionality since Italian physicist Alexandaro Volta demonstrated flow of lectric current between two conductors by alternating discs of zinc and copper with pieces of cardboard soaked in brine. Many systems ideally (especially those in remote locations) have to operate for long periods, and it is not always feasible to recharge or replace their batteries. Now, with technology ushering in new era of miniaturization where MEMS (Micro Electrical Mechanical System) are gaining widespread popularity and are increasingly being used for a multitude of applications, they lack a durable onboard power supply. Batteries are at a critical juncture here!!MEMS are finding increasing applications in everything from sensors in car that trigger an alarm to injectible drug delivery system to environment monitoring ‘Smart Dust’ but they lack a long lasting on-d evice power source. To work around this power block, researchers have found an intriguing way: by harvesting the huge amount of energy released by radioactive material. Although several sources of energy could be used to supply this needed power (solid, fossil fuel) by these MEMS based systems but nuclear batteries are fast becoming a popular option in terms of power density and lifetime.For example A tiny speck of radioisotope like nickel-63 can generate enough energy to power these MEMS for decades. These nuclear micro batteries have energy at densities at thousand times greater than the Lithium ion batteries. So with these miniature machines really hitting their stride, we’ll need smaller, reliable and longer lasting battery sources! To clear the common misconception, nuclear power sources are not miniature nuclear reactors and they do not involve any fission or fusion reactions.In these power sources we use specific isotopes which emit particles that are blocked by the la yer of dead skin that covers our bodies. They penetrate no more than 25 micrometers in most solids or liquids, so in a battery they could safely be contained by a simple plastic package! TechnologyEnergy Density (milliwatt-hour /milligram) Lithium ion in a chemical battery0. 3 Methanol in a fuel cell3 Tritium in a nuclear battery850 Polonium-210 in a nuclear battery57 000 Energy Content in Different Type of Batteries IT IS A STAGGERINGLY SMALL WORLD THAT IS BELOW,† Said physicist Richard P. Feynman in his visionary talk to the American Physical Society, when he envisioned the fabrication of micro- and nano devices and declared that one day the entire Encyclopaedia Britannica could be written on the head of a pin. Feynman’s vision has finally begun to manifest, thanks to ever more sophisticated microelectronics. Micro and nano scale machines are ushering a multibillion-dollar market as they are being incorporated in virtually every electronic devices.Among the trendsetti ng applications in this development are ultra dense memories capable of storing hundreds of gigabytes in a fingernail-size device, micromirrors for enhanced display and optical communications equipment, and highly selective RF filters to reduce cell phones size and improve the quality of calls. But, again, at very small scales, chemical batteries can’t provide enough power for these micro machines. As the size of such a battery is reduced, the amount of stored energy goes down exponentially.Reduction in each side of a cubic battery by a factor of 10 as the volume is reduced —and therefore the energy that can be stored— reduces by a factor of 1000. In fact, the sensors today which are no larger than a speck of dust require batteries which are as large as a shirt button!!!!! COMPARISION WITH OTHER WELL KNOWN ENERGY SOURCES FOR NANO DEVICES In a bid to power these nano devices, researchers are turning away from conventional fuels like hydrogen and hydrocarbons (pro pane, methane, gasoline and diesel) and are meddling with micro fuels that consume hydrogen to generate power like other conventional fuels.Many are also developing on- board combustion engines that consume hydrogen to generate energy much like an average automobile. But these approaches are facing many hurdles. The primary road block is relatively low energy densities of these mechanisms and other being the continuous need to supply the fuel and eliminate the by-products formed . In case of other liquid fuels the major challenge is to develop a packaging that will contain sufficient liquid fuel to power these devices and which can be scaled down to micro and nano sizes at the same time.The nuclear batteries that are being developed won’t require any refilling or recharging. and will last as long as the half-life of the radioactive source. And even though their efficiency in converting nuclear to electrical energy isn’t high—about 4 percent—the extremely high energy density of the radioactive materials makes it possible for these micro batteries to produce relatively significant amounts of power. For example, with 10 milligrams of polonium-210 (contained in about 1 cubic millimeter), a nuclear powered battery could produce 50 milliwatts of electric power for more than four months.With that level of power, it would be possible to run a simple microprocessor and a handful of sensors for four continuous months. Specific Power Density Of Leading Power Isotopes KEY ELEMENTS OF THE TECHNOLOGY Why not conventional Gamma Emitters The first lesson to be learned here is: What are Radioisotopes Radioisotopes are basically unstable atoms that spontaneously emit high-energy particles as they decay to a more stable state. Most radioisotopes emit Gamma rays (which are essentially high-energy X-rays that can penetrate most materials including human flesh).But radioisotopes used in nuclear battery emit Alpha particles (an aggregate of two protons an d two neutrons) and Beta particles (high-energy electrons) that can’t penetrate as deeply and therefore pose less risk. Another reason why Gamma Emitters are not considered for development of the nuclear battery is that they would require sufficient amount of shielding. The Alpha Emitters, on the other hand, have an advantage due to the short range of the Alpha particles. This short range allows increased efficiency and thus provides more design flexibility, assuming that a sufficient activity can be achieved.The half life of the isotopes must be high enough so that the useful life of the battery is sufficient for typical applications, and low enough to provide sufficient activity. In addition, the new isotope resulting after decay should be stable, or it should decay without emitting Gamma radiation. The nuclear powered batteries that are being developed contain1 to 10 millicuries of nickel-63 or tritium, whose beta particles have relatively low energy and can be blocked by a layer of 25 to 100 micrometers of plastic, metal, or semiconductor (they are even blocked by the thin dead-skin layer covering our bodies. ) ISOTOPERADIATION TYPEHALF LIFE Yr)MAX. ENERGY (keV)AVERAGE ENERGY H-3Beta12. 3 y18. 65. 7 Ni-63Beta100. 2 y66. 917. 4 Po-210Alpha138. 8 y530. 43- Commonly Used Isotopes NUCLEAR BATTERIES WHICH ARE CURRENTLY USED JUNCTION TYPE BATTERY This type of battery is very useful for long term applications in devices like space crafts,battle field sensors and nanoelectric sensors.. The device basically consists of a small quantity of Nickel-63 placed near an ordinary silicon p-n junction( hence the name)—a diode, basically. As the Nickel-63 decays it emits beta particles, which are high-energy electrons that spontaneously fly out of the radioisotope’s unstable nucleus.The emitted beta particles ionizes the diode’s atoms, creating paired electrons and holes that diffuse away from each other at the p-n junction. These separated electr ons and holes travel away from the junction, thereby producing the current. Why Ni-63 is used in Junction Battery? Nickel-63 is ideal for this application because its emitted beta particles travel a maximum of 21 ? m in silicon before disintegrating; if the particles had more energy, they would travel longer distances, thus escaping the battery. This battery has a capacity of producing about 3 nanowatts, using 0. millicurie of Nickel-63 , power which is more than sufficient for nano devices. LATEST DEVELOPMENTS CANTILEVER BATTERIES These new types of batteries generate more power than a typical junction battery. These devices operate like generators where the radioactive energy is first converted into mechanical energy and then into pulses of electrical energy. Even though these devices involve an intermediate phase,their efficiency remain unaffected- if anything they actually tap the kinetic energy of the emitted particles for conversion into mechanical energy and hence provide a m ore continous flow of energy than conventional junction battery.Figure 5 Beta particles move from radioactive source and accumulate at Copper plate leading to electrostatic force of attraction Why Thin Film RadioIsotope is used in Cantilever Batteries? This device primarily uses a thin film of radioisotope. On top of this film, a small rectangular piece of silicon is cantilevered, its free end able to move up and down. As the electrons move away from the radioactive source, they travel through the air gap and hit the cantilever, charging it negatively. The source, which is positively charged, then attracts the cantilever, bending it down .This mechanical energy is converted instantaneously into electrical energy. SELF RECIPROCATING SiN BATTERIES These batteries use low stress thin film of SiN. In this device a Wheatstone bridge is formed using four resistors. The purpose of using Wheatstone bridge is to measure the deflections. The output from a Wheatstone bridge is sent to an opera tional amplifier and the amplified signal is measured. A self-timed reciprocating movement is obtained between the film of radioisotope and the cantilever arm.As compared to a conventional thin film cantilevers they offer better efficiency as the RF signal conversion from mechanical signal is more streamlined and compact. OPTOEELCTRONIC BATTERIES An optoelectronic nuclear battery has been developed by the researchers of Kurchatov Institute of Moscow. The Beta emitter would power an excimer mixture ( argon and xenon) which would produce light to excite a photocell. The primary advantage of this battery is that precision electrodes are not required and most electrons contribute to battery’s power output. NANONUCLEAR BATTERIESAny with technology â€Å"nano† suffixed ushers in a debate. A generally accepted criterion for labelling nanotechnology given by Mihail C. Roco( Ph. D. , a National Science Foundation Chair on the Nanoscale Science Engineering and Technology Subcomm ittee (NSEC) of the National Science and Technology Committee (NSTC)) states â€Å"one dimension of about one to 100 nanometers, designed through a process that exhibits fundamental control over the physical and chemical attributes of molecular-scale structures, and the ability to combine to form larger structures. †These technologies for the nano- nuclear battery have same operational and structural micro nuclear battery except it’s done on a nano level. These batteries have better efficiencies as compared to micro-nuclear batteries and the path for the research of nuclear battery ends at such nano powered devices. CURRENT PLAYERS NASA GLENN RESEARCH CENTRE, CLEAVELAND The scientists at the Glenn Research Centre are working in collaboration with the researchers at RIT on a project to develop alpha voltaic batteries for miniature military devices for US Army with sensing and communication capabilities.This project will be of three years duration and will focus on use o f a radioisotope Americium, which is used in smoke detector, along with handful of semiconductor devices to convert alpha energy into usable electricity. The project will conclude with full manufacture of device and plans for commercial manufacture. ROCHESTER INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH LABORATORY, NEWYORK A team of researchers at RIT led by Ryne Rafelle, Head of physics and Microsystems have obtained funds ranging around $1. 2 million dollars from DARPA (Defence Advanced Project Research Agency) to develop nuclear power supplies for military use.The researchers are planning on using an innovative nanomaterial (quantum dots) to protect the semiconductor used inside the battery from radiation damage. This will make the battery not only safer but also increase its life to unprecedented levels. KUSHATOV INSTITUTE, MOSCOW The technology for Optoelectric nuclear batteries was developed by a team of researchers at Kuchatov Institute. In a revolutionary development, they used Radioiso tope Strontium-90 and Technetium-99 as beta emitters suspended in gas or liquid which permits nearly lossless transmission of beta energy. PRIVATE PLAYERS (QYNERGY CORPORATION, ALPLA V INC. WIDETRONIX ETC. ) These are leading private players company harvesting nuclear energy for the purpose of providing cutting edge energy and power solution that are not provided by current battery and storage system. Using their proprietary technologies they have developed high density power cell using the energy generated by radioisotopes. ECONOMIC POTENTIAL SPACE APPLICATIONS- SATELLITE AND INTERSTELLAR PROBE Radio isotropic Thermoelectric Generator(RTGs) are nuclear batteries which consists of stacks of thermocouples which convert the thermal energy obtained from the decay of radioisotope into usable electrical energy.They have emerged as the most popular power sources for the unmanned and unmaintained locations requiring power less than few hundred watts for durations which are too long for con ventional fuel cells and where solar panels are not feasible. RTGs are used as power sources in the satellites, space probe vehicles by NASA and in various unmanned remote locations, like a series of lighthouses built by the USSR in the Arctic Circle. Systems for Nuclear Auxiliary Power (SNAP) units which comprise of handful of RTGs are used especially for probes that travel far enough from the Sun that solar panels are no longer viable.Pioneer 10, Pioneer 11, Voyager 1, Galileo, Ulysses, Cassini and New Horizons used RTGs to meet their power requirements. Also, RTGs were used to power the two Viking landers and for the scientific experiments left on the Moon by the crews of Apollo 12. RTG also used on interstellar precursor missions and interstellar probes. One such example is the Innovative Interstellar Explorer (2003-current) proposal from NASA which will be using RTG Am-241 This could support mission extensions up to 1000 years. UNDERSEA APPLICATIONS- DEEP SEA SENSORSThe recent tsunami, earthquake and other under water phenomena have increased the demand for underwater sensors which can withstand such extreme conditions. These sensors are integrated with nuclear batteries which can work for longer durations in inaccessible places under crude situations. MEDICAL APPLICATIONS- NUCLEAR PACEMAKERS In early days, pacemakers used were powered with mercury and zinc batteries which could run for three years. Most often however, such mercury battery would fail in 20 months requiring the patient to undergo another implant for the replacement of the device.Nuclear Batteries are used extensively in the pacing industry to prolong the longevity of the implanted device. Pacemakers, implanted with nuclear batteries, offer young patients the chance to go through their entire lifetime with just a single implant. MOBILE DEVICES- CELLPHONES & LAPTOPS Xcell-N is a nuclear powered laptop battery that provides between seven and eight thousand times battery life as compared to a normal laptop battery- thus any laptop can be kept on for five continous years without having to charge it.Xcell- N is in continuous working state since the past eight months and neither has been turned off nor has been plugged into electrical power. Most cell phones use RF filters for frequency selection which occupy a large part of the volume. Researchers are currently developing MEMS based RF filters which provides not only better frequency selectivity (thus better quality of calls) but also reduced sizes. These MEMS filters, however, may require relatively high dc voltages, and drawing it from the main battery would require complicate electronics.Instead, a nuclear powered battery designed to generate the required voltage—in the range of 10 to 100 volts—could be used to juice up the filter directly and more efficiently. AUTOMOBILES Although it is in initial stages of development but it is expected that nuclear powered batteries will soon replace the weary chemical batteries. This implies that running short of fuel or time will be things of past. Fox Valley Auto Electric Association has already started working on the ways to implement this. CHALLENGESThough there are many merits the nuclear battery there are few challenges too, which needs to be overcome to make it realty, in the immediate future. SAFETY Since nuclear powered batteries involve the use of small amounts of radiation and radioactive materials, it is necessary that they must comply with current Radiation Protection Standards which are based on the Linear Non-Threshold model (LNT) . This model assumes that any amount of radiation exposure, no matter how small, will have a detrimental effect on health.The external dose associated with the radioisotopes used in these batteries is zero, because an alpha particle needs to have an energy of more than 7. 5 MeV to penetrate the protective layer of the skin (0. 07 mm think), and a ? particle needs to have an energy of more than 70 keV. Sin ce radio isotopes in nuclear batteries have energies lower than these they are unable to penetrate the skin. INHALATION INGESTION DOSE LIMIT [mrem/d]44. 575. 479 Dose Equivalent [mrem/d]No. of batteries to be inhaled to reach the limitDose Equivalent [mrem/d]No. of batteries to be swallowed to reach the limit H32. 418. 0346158 Ni645. 697. 081367Radiation Levels After Ingestion or Inhalation Of 5 µCi of Ni or H Nuclear Battery In fact, radioisotopes have been used for decades in commercial applications. Many smoke detectors contain 1 to 5 microcuries of Americium-241, used to ionize the air between a pair of parallel plates. And some emergency exit signs in public buildings, schools, and auditoriums that have to remain visible during power outages contain 8 to 10 curies of tritium, whose emitted electrons excite phosphor atoms, illuminating the sign. The amount of radioactive material in the nuclear batteries falls between that in a smoke detector and in an exit sign.And for whatev er amount, any commercial application of such nuclear powered batteries will have to comply with all the established safety measures (including design of safe packaging) and follow regulations about handling and disposing of the device. COST As it is the case with the most ground breaking technology , the initial cost of production is quite high. But as the product goes for mass production the cost goes down. The major challenge lies in finding sources of inexpensive radioisotopes that can be efficiently integrated into the electronic devices.For example 1 millicurie of Ni-63 costs around $25. But the researchers have come up with a potentially cheaper alternative tritium which is produced by some nuclear reactors as a by product and costs few cents( for 1 millicurie). WASTE DISPOSAL The environmental impact of disposing of the nuclear devices once their useful life has ended, as well as the associated costs are minimal. Since after three half-lives the activity of the isotope decay s to about 10% of the original activity, the nuclear powered batteries would be below background radiation level by that time. SOCIAL ACCEPTANCEThe nuclear technology has lost its credibility as the world has seen enough nuclear disasters. Thus acceptance for the nuclear technology will be very hard to come by. However the immense potential of this technology will soon overpower this initial resistance. CONCLUSION & WAY FORWARD Clearly the current state of research is making it harder to deny that chemical batteries will be replaced by nuclear powered batteries- and soon. Nuclear Batteries present a logical solution to the burgeoning need for a safe, reliable, compact, lightweight, longer lasting and self contained power supply.They not only protect our declining natural resources but also serve to make our traditional energy sources redundant. As the energy associated with the radioactive materials is much more than the conventional sources and by far the highest without any waste generation, the world can be transformed into a new one without green houses gases and its associated risks. Scientists have overcome a major stumbling block to make mass production of these batteries a viable and hugely profitable option. The system we have developed is mechanically simple, potentially leading to more compact, more reliable and less expensive systems. This was an attempt at something that seemed viable. â€Å", said Mark Prelas , Director of Research at University of Wisconsin’s Nuclear Science and Engineering Institute. Recent breakthroughs, at University of Missouri where the researchers have developed a economically feasible energy conversion system that uses safe isotopes to generate high-grade energy, only prove that these MEMS Marvels are going to be very successful in near future.Success of few similar small projects will give sufficient learning to make this technology big very soon. REFERENCES 1. â€Å"Nuclear and Radiochemistry† , Gerhardt Friedlander and Joseph W. Kennedy 2. Technolyreview. com 3. Powerpaper. com 4. http://ieeexplore. ieee. org/stamp/stamp. jsp? arnumber=01330808 5. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Atomic_battery 6. http://www. physorg. com/news174139641. html 7. http://www. scribd. com/doc/8929973/Nuclear-Battery

Affect Of Media Violence On Children Young People Essay Essays

Affect Of Media Violence On Children Young People Essay Essays Affect Of Media Violence On Children Young People Essay Essay Affect Of Media Violence On Children Young People Essay Essay Peoples s wretchedness going amusement, that s what s unsafe. And that seems to be the topographic point we re traveling. I worry about Media Violence ( George Clooney ) . Media have a important impact on kids, because they are in the phase of growing. How media force affect kids lives? Children are like sponges, when it comes to achieving cognition. In recent old ages the media s job addition and impact our kids. Often in phases of growing, the kids need to larn from a usher to cognize how to act and cover with people around them, for illustration, telecasting shows in which 1000000s of channels, including utile and which has an inauspicious impact on the kids, so as to take to fickle behaviour and unexpected. Imagine if kids lose the Television for illustration, what will go on? Undoubtedly miss their favourite plans and lifes because of that media watercourse to see what is traveling on around them, but the media became a major beginning for the formation of the behaviour of kids and we ca nt disregard such a job. When kids watch or hear something on the media early affects them in some manner for long term or short term. The wrong believing manner may take to hold emphasis that make them to the oncoming of many different symptoms like force. Media plays a strong function on kids behaviours. One side of people argue this phenomenon and believe that the media does nt impact on kids because of parent s control, but from the other side see that the media has a important consequence on kids with parent s counsel. The authorities should step in to forestall this job from distributing and to protect kids from being affected. Many research before 1990, Confirmed that kids learn violent behaviour and determining their values by media. ( Villani, July 1996 ) . In this check I had prepared a study that shows how the media affects our kids. Does media force consequence our kids? As can be seen from the chart above all interviews recorded that they believe media has an consequence on our kids ( Tarish, 2011 ) . Tarish, Z. Interviews conducted with pupils and installation members on 15 March 2011 at Gulf University for Science and Technology, West Mishref, Kuwait Government must develop Torahs to cut down force in our kids because of their negative effects, and the most of import grounds for this job: ( 1 ) increased feelings of ill will, ( 2 ) less sensitive to the others pain and increased sloppiness of people feelings, ( 3 ) feelings of anxiousness and impotence, and ( 4 ) credence of force. Government must but Polices to cut down this phenomena because media force became a new job to human race. These constabularies must include of many Torahs such as: Prevent the transmittal of media force and besides prevent the sale of video games that contain force and set category that learn the parents how to command their kids and Maintain them from this job. This will diminish media force a batch and larn the kids how to command their lives With parental control. adverb thereof preposition in at on within during by among Reason ( 1 ) show that media force addition the feelings of ill will. ( What is ill will, How the kids become susceptible to hostility? ) . Hostility it s anger inside the human organic structure and appears with emotion and tenseness. kids can take bad behaviour through the telecasting or picture games and take them to incorrect believing that lead to emphasize and to the oncoming of many different symptoms like force. The wrong thought that impact by media force Affected by the kids from the emotional facets, mental and societal. So in this attention they will lose everything that help them to growing. Emotional facets like holding emphasis, Anxiety and deficiency of slumber and the feeling of comfort and safety taking to the outgrowth of disease adversely affected their wellness. Mental facets that cause kids to pretermit their surveies and engage in drama or watching the plans that appear on Television. Finally Social facets and it s the most of import facets for the growing of k ids. At this phase kids ready to accept anything against them and watching Television with such violet s plans or games, they will go motivated to several things, including: isolation with friends and household and commit behaviour could impact around them. Media will make kids to risky behaviour because it s include scenes of offense against others. In the long term these ListenRead phoneticall.kfkjfA Dictionary Position elaborate dictionaryscenes will increase kids s effects and do violent behaviour through imitation. There is an of import grounds demoing that extended Television screening among kids is associated with subsequent aggressive Acts of the Apostless. Besides it can increase a kids s aggressive behaviour by violent films that increase hostile feelings and the handiness of aggressive ideas. Research workers suggests that force in video games may be more to kids s aggression than watching scenes violent Acts of the Apostless on Television. Harmonizing to this suggestion ( Cesarone, 1994 ) . This research shows that the consequence of force on the media such as ( Television, picture games and some magazines were greater for grownups than for kids but in the long term effects were greater for kids than for grownups. This consequences shows the relationship between aggressive behaviours and media. Hence it s clear that the media through the Television and picture games have the biggest impact on kids. We ca nt disregard the fact that what kids see on telecasting, in the films, over the Internet and in the picture games they are playing, has an impact on the manner they behave, Rep. Markey said. So in this instance parents should do functions for their kids to cut off this phenomena and diminish the rate of watching Television or playing video games. Another survey by ( Goldstein, 1998 ) shows the relationship between media force and in increased ill will, it s begin with chosen a group of misss and male childs, who their ages ranged between 9-11 to play video games, and the Department the group of male childs into two classs the first class for playing a athleticss game violent and the other playing soldierly humanistic disciplines really violent and after playing so told the first class to read 5 narratives of the provocative and the other consequences were non. Finally the y found that kids who play really violent game is effected more than the other class. Listen Read phonetically Dictionary Position detailed dictionary Reason ( 2 ) kids become less sensitive to the hurting and do nt care about others around them. Children, such as the sea swallows everything, in this instance when kids watch Television they have desire to cognize everything and learn from it.For illustration movies for force or slaying, they seeking to cognize how he or she kill person and where, there will be thousand of inquiries in their heads. On the other manus they will non hold a sense of all people around them, so they become lone and do nt wish blending with people around them. With the transition of clip, they will hold a condemnable inclinations after that they become a felons. Criminals are the 1s who lives in the difficult conditions, for illustration: they have no 1 take attention about them, no one expression for them and deficiency of parental control these all leads to offense. In some bloody scenes on telecasting or picture games, the kids may hold weaken and frozen bosom and easy affected by all the things around them, how if frozen? They become more violent towards people around them and do nt care about their feelings. Some shops everyplace in the universe sells films or games for kids, titled slaying and bloodshed.The length of clip kids will play video games about 20 hours with no hyperbole and this affects them, non merely their thought and their heads and either pretermiting their surveies Where is the parent s control? . May parents do nt care about their kids and allow them make whatever they want, this is the job that led the kids imitate all they watch or hear. Reason ( 3 ) is that the media force increase the rate of the offense and slaying that affect direct our kids. It s besides a message for the kids that the universe is a unsafe topographic point for them, so thought that they are powerless against it. In this instance they will be worry about themselves and afraid from all people around them and they wo nt be free to play like others. Free drama is necessary to kids for many grounds such as acquisition and turning. Harmonizing to ( Alberta teacher,1999 ) that shows that, kids will hold wellness consequence by media force such as: ( 1 ) experience incubuss and kiping upsets, ( 2 ) blood force per unit area because they are under a stress force in the media may besides increase frights and anxiousnesss, thought that they will go the following victim of a violent act. Children are gift from God we must take attention about them from the force on media that increase the rate of wellness job and the rate of offense. Some research shows th e rate of force through watching Television, One of this research for ( Bryant, Carveth,1981 ) who asked university pupil who was chosen as a randomly group for watching Television to cognize the affect on them. Few viewing audiences were asked to watch telecasting less than the others. And he asked to viewing audiences to watch at least 28 hours per week. , and after six hebdomads they found that, heavy viewing audiences admitted and believed that they were affected by media force and they are more likely to encephalon hurt and the impact it because of force. Reason ( 4 ) is non merely kids will hold aggressive behaviour when they exposed for media, besides they will go more accepting of force in existent life. Some research has suggested that there is a nexus between telecasting and force on the lives of kids and it s began with the Vietnam War that was the most dissentious and longest war in America s history. These images that was presented on telecasting and scenes that were in the war affected the kids negatively and the nescient think that these scenes of bravery ( Sean McCleneghan, J, 2002 ) . One fact should non be in difference: media is violent! Guns, bombs, atomic arms, killing guiltless people and colza and offenses spread throughout the universe offered by media. Like I mentioned earlier that the kids by playing video games Affected by something definite scenes in it is possible to be a attempt to copy assorted ways and can be applied to the companions or couples or friends or even household, it can be grown in their heads un til they reach the age at which possible to bask the full scope powers for the direction to make this sort of force behaviour, for illustration, President Saddam Hussein is the president of the Republic of Iraq antecedently was a adult male slayer, and Whoever sheds the blood of discharge and a condemnable and offered many channels of a bloody and violent scenes full of blood. Is it possible that this individual had been exposed to scenes of violent in the laying in the early age ( when he was a kid ) and go such as this felon who have heartless and no feelings so it is possible to these scenes that show on telecasting that the impact on kids and change their behaviour. A survey by ( Kaufman, R,1998 ) , it explained the degrees of force, which is broadcast by telecasting has been shown in the undermentioned illustration. ListenRead phoneticallA Dictionary Position detailed dictionary preposition with concurrence and while 8:00-9:00 PM 1998 2002 Battle 44 % 32 % Blood 0 % 9 % Guns A ; Other Weapons 29 % 38 % Clangs, Explosions, Fire 6 % 5 % Menaces of Violence 7 % 5 % Graphic Word pictures 10 % 1 % Deaths Depicted 4 % 5 % Deaths Implied 0 % 3 % Anguish 0 % 2 % This shows that kids learn media force through Television specially the films that have contending so they will copy this scene in existent life and destruct it. Another range found that media force addition aggressive heights, value and behaviour, for kids. ( Murray, J,1994 ) . However, some critics argue that no demand to parental control on kids because they believe that the scenes that show on telecasting is non world, and with clip kids become to experience safe and believe that scenes merely for merriment and it s ca nt go on abroad, so that it do nt impact on the kids lives. The other expostulation is that media and agencies of conveyance events that occur in the State or outside the province do nt impact our kids s wellness and behaviour. My answer for the first expostulation is that many surveies show that there are many side consequence on the kids s life I will advert two of them: The first research confirmed that the manner the media ( telecasting ) over the past 30 old ages that there is a relationship between telecasting and kids s behaviour and stressed that the media have the consequence of three facets: the force and sensitiveness and fright ( John, P,2001 ) . The other answer is that I agree that the channels are utile for sing external events, but the media negatively affected the kids s wellness like holding emphasis and non comfy as I mention above. Through the presentation of films and games more interesting and exciting to pull kids and have this affect on the mind and behaviour of kids. There are kids have an natural behaviour since childhood to accept this sort of behaviour. And by the controlled media, it lacks the art of covering with the kid decently because most of the media aimed at fiscal additi on, non kids. In decision, we Ca nt project all the incrimination on the media, but it s the manner for kids to accept such a force behaviour, whether from Television or picture games. The media has been affected greatly on kids as more hostile feelings to others and the trouble of emotion, hurting and increase feelings of fright and disablement and eventually accept force in their lives. The authorities should take necessary steps to forestall such scenes and the development of controls and ordinances to cut down this job. In my sentiment the authorities should forestall such scenes in the daylight, for illustration in order they must alter the clip of the grownup s plans so that the kids ca nt watch, and allow it exposure at dark. Stop film s purchasers and video games to forestall to sale films and games that represent a signifier of force, whether few or many. We ca nt pretermit the function of parents, excessively, in work outing such jobs and cut down them through the exchange of thoughts, a dvice and counsel and to reply their inquiries asked in connexion with the force and they must be answered adequately in order to accept the kid. One of the surveies found that parents have strong influence to forestall their kids and cut down this phenomenon, which negatively affected the kids through engagement with their kids: ticker with them the plans they watch and besides remark. One the other manus there is other manner to forestall our kids by taking the channels for them that do nt air images and violent scenes ( L. Rowell Huesmann,1977 1992 ) . Finally, parents should hold to develop a day-to-day plan for kids and the division of clip, for illustration one to two hours let the kids watch the Television and one survey and one hr to play video games with the proctor what they see and bar plans that negatively affected them, and in this instance the job can be resolved in footings of the authorities by coercing and commanding and developing the Torahs that cut down this phe nomena.

List of Greek Words in the English Language

List of Greek Words in the English Language List of Greek Words in the English Language List of Greek Words in the English Language By Michael After French, Latin and Viking (and Old English of course, but that is English), the Greek language has contributed more words to modern English than any other perhaps 5%. Many Greek words sprang from Greek mythology and history. Knowing those subjects was evidence that a person was educated, so dropping a reference to Greek literature was encouraged even into the 20th century. From Greek mythology, we get words such as atlas, chaos, chronological, erotic, herculean, hypnotic, muse, nectar, promethean, and even cloth. But most Greek-origin words in English did not come straight from ancient Greek. Many are modern, not ancient, combinations of Greek root words. For example, you probably know the telephone was not used by the ancient Greeks. But the word itself is all Greek, made up of the Greek words for distant and sound. Besides tele and phon, common Greek roots include anti, arch, auto, bio, centro, chromo, cyclo, demo, dys, eu, graph, hydro, hypo, hyper, logo, macro, mega, meta, micro, mono, paleo, para, philo, photo, poly, pro, pseudo, psycho, pyro, techno, thermo and zoo. Among others. Comparing the original and the modern meanings of Greek words that became English words sometimes shows not only how much language has changed, but how much culture has changed. idiot Someone of very low intelligence. For the ancient Greeks, an idiot was a private citizen, a person not involved in civil government or politics. Related: idiosyncracy, idiom, and other individualistic words. metropolis The Greek roots of this word are â€Å"mother† and â€Å"city. Socrates, convicted in court of corrupting the youth with his philosophy, was given a choice between drinking poison or exile from his mother city of Athens. He chose poison because he wasnt an idiot, in the ancient sense. If you chose exile, you might be an idiot in the ancient sense, but you would be a live idiot. acrobat This circus performer who demonstrates feats of physical agility by climbing to the very top of the rope gets his name from the Greek words high and walk, with the sense of rope dancer and tip-toe. bacterium From a Greek word that means stick because under a microscope (another Greek word), some bacteria look like sticks. cemetery The Greek word koimeterion meant sleeping place, dormitory. Early Christian writers adopted the word for burial ground, and thats why college students stay in the dormitory and not in the cemetery. dinosaur You may have heard this one before. Our word for these ancient reptiles is a modern (1841) combination of the Greek words for terrible and lizard. hippopotamus The ancient Greeks called this large, moist African animal a hippopà ³tamos, from the words for â€Å"horse† and â€Å"river.† In other words, river horse. rhinoceros Continuing our African theme, this large, dry African animal is named after the Greek words for nose and horn. Horns usually dont grow on noses. history The Greek word historà ­a meant inquiry, record, narrative. dialogue A monologue has one speaker, but a dialogue doesnt necessarily have two speakers (that would be a di-logue, but theres no such word). Dialogue comes from Greek words that mean across-talk, and more than two people can do that if they take turns. economy The Greek word for â€Å"household administration† has been expanded to mean the management of money, goods, and services for an entire community or nation. But economical still refers to personal thrift. metaphor In ancient times, this word meant â€Å"transfer† or â€Å"carrying over.† When my grandfather called my grandmother a peach, metaphorically speaking, he used a figure of speech that transferred the sweetness of the fruit to his sweet wife. planet The ancient Greeks get blamed for everything wrong with astronomy before the Renaissance, but they were astute enough to notice that while most stars stood still, some wandered from year to year. The word planet comes from the Greek word for wandering. schizophrenia People with this mental disorder have been described as having a split personality, and the name comes from Greek words for split and mind. Symptoms may include hallucinations, delusions, or disorganized speech. technology This word was not limited to industry or science until the mid-19th century, during the Industrial Revolution. Originally it referred to technique (same Greek root) or the systematic study of an art or craft – the art of grammar, at first, and later the fine arts. grammatical Speaking of grammar, the Ancient Greek word grammatike meant â€Å"skilled in writing.† Now it means correct in writing. syntax A combination of Ancient Greek words that mean â€Å"together† and â€Å"arrangement.† Syntax is how words are arranged together. sarcasm Though it was used to describe bitter sneering, the Greek word sarkazein literally meant to cut off flesh, which you might feel has happened to you when subjected to cutting sarcasm or critical humor. sycophant Not a word that Ive ever used, but you might like it. It means servile, self-seeking flatterer. In ancient Greek, it meant one who shows the fig. That referred to an insulting hand gesture that respectable Greek politicians wouldnt use against their opponents, but whose shameless followers could be encouraged to do so. telescope Another all-Greek word that wasnt invented by the Greeks, but perhaps by the Dutch around 1600. Its roots mean far-seeing and Galileo Galilei was one of the first astronomers to use a telescope to see faraway things. As you can see, Greek is deeply woven into modern English. To prove it, in the late 1950s, Greek economist Xenophon Zolotas gave two speeches in English, but using only Greek words, except for articles and prepositions. The results were rather high-sounding, but mostly comprehensible. As you become more familiar with Greek words, English will be easier to understand. And probably, more colorful. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:When to Capitalize Animal and Plant NamesUse a Dash for Number RangesWhat is an Anagram?

Red Bull Marketing Strategy What You Need to Know + How to Copy It

Red Bull Marketing Strategy What You Need to Know + How to Copy It Red Bull is an unbeatable marketing powerhouse. When it comes to their marketing strategy, the brand takes everything it does to the extreme. However, their marketing efforts always put the audience first. In fact, selling their product comes second. While theyre active on array of channels and use tons of different tactics, everything revolves around one concept:  creating content and experiences people would be interested in even if they dont care about energy drink brands. By going above and beyond to produce content on par with major publishers, pull off mindblowing events, and more, theyve become one of the most talked about brands in the world. In this post, youll learn how they went from small startup to global media empire (and borrow their ideas for your own brand). Red Bull Marketing Strategy: What You Need to Know (And How to Copy It)Get Your Red Bull Marketing Stats Infographic What’s the best way to dominate a market? Create one that doesn’t exist yet. That’s exactly what Red Bull did with energy drinks 30 years ago. Thanks to smart marketing and creative strategy, they’ve stayed on top for three decades. So, what does the data look like behind that domination? Download this infographic and find out. DID YOU KNOW: You can plan and organize your entire marketing strategy with , the industry's best-selling marketing calendar solution? Learn how here. How Red Bull Got Started Red Bull first came to the market in 1987  after Austrian toothpaste salesman Dietrich Mateschitz came to Thailand and heard about an â€Å"energy tonic†, created by Chaleo Yoovidhya. The tonic was supposed to help keep drinkers awake and alert. After three years of testing Red Bull launched in Austria, but the two businessmen had doubters. â€Å"There is no demand in the market for this type of drink,† they said. There was no way anyone would go for it. They were wrong. Today, Red Bull dominates, with over 43% of the market share in 2015. The best part? They’re still going strong. Considering Red Bull created the market in the first place, dominating just about half of it after nearly three decades years isn’t bad. Check out this infographic of their whole history: The History Of Red Bull's Unconventional Marketing Strategy When Red Bull first came out, energy drinks didn’t exist, and traditional advertising was expensive. So, Red Bull went rogue and went with a different strategy. What did they do, exactly? They simply went straight to their target audience (18 -35-year-old males)at college parties, libraries, coffee shops, bars and other places where they hang out. By bringing their audience free samples, they put the product right in their consumer's hands. That got their audience talking, spreading the word about their product for free. Today, they still employ a similar strategy: they go wherever their audience is at. Whether that means sponsoring a music festival or creating top-notch culture content, they'll do it. In fact, the content Red Bull publishes is executed at the same level as a professional publishing house. They're effectively a media company that happens to sell an energy drink, rather than the other way around. Recommended Reading: How to Mature Your Publishing Process With Matthew Ankeny From Gear Patrol How Red Bull Reaches Its Target Market Red Bull focuses on three significant tactics to attract its target audience: Publishing awesome content:  The content that the Red Bull marketing team creates is on the same level as other major media outlets that their audience might consume content from. Colossal publicity stunts:  Red Bull takes â€Å"Go Big or Go Home† to the next level by producing massive stunts that cause everyone to freeze and watch what happens. Sponsoring or creating events:  Red Bull proved its marketing prowess by taking their product and associating it with things their audience loves by sponsoring or creating events for them. Check out this Slide Deck on Red Bull’s marketing strategy: How Red Bull Approaches Content Marketing  Strategy Red Bull’s content does three things exceptionally well. First, it  covers  topics that interest their audience. Extreme sports, concerts and music festivals are just a few of the topics covered on the Red Bull website. Picture anywhere you might see someone enjoying (or needing) a Red Bull and their content will cover it. Second, is their ability to sell their brand but not push their product. Their content focuses solely on the enjoyment of the reader, not selling Red Bull. In turn, their audience begins to associate their product with content that they love to consume. Want to do marketing like @redbull? Push content, not product.Third, it publishes videos, blog posts, landing pages and other types of content at the same professional level as media sites that their target audience consumes content from. Take this video for example. It’s high energy, high impact, and full of content that people who love extreme air stunts would enjoy: How Red Bull Uses Publicity Stunts to Generate Hype Another piece of the Red Bull marketing strategy is their insane publicity stunts. They sent a man up 128,000 ft above the earth in a small ship and helium balloon and had him free fall out of it. This stunt, commonly known as the Red Bull Stratos Jump  broke two different world records: By creating massive stunts, like the Stratos Jump, it causes their audience (and let’s face it, probably everyone else) to stop and think, â€Å"Whoa what’s that? I NEED to watch this.† Recommended Reading: How to Generate Data-Backed Social Media Campaign Ideas How Red Bull Uses Events to Reach Consumers The third part of their strategy involves hosting and sponsoring events that their target market is already attending. Whether that means music festivals, film events, or even extreme cliff diving, Red Bull will either create or sponsor an event around them. Why is this a brilliant move? Their audience is already there. Their target audience is an active group. They’re trying new and crazy stunts, they love extreme sports or rocking out at a music festival. So Red Bull shows  up at places they know their target audience would be. Take Coachella for example. This massive music festival takes place over the course of two weekends in the desert and fans don’t want to miss a second of it. That may mean sacrificing a few hours of sleep. Red Bull shows up and gives them the wings (and energy) they need to stay awake and keep jamming at the festival. Recommended Reading: How to Find Your Target Audience and Create the Best Content That Connects 8 Ways Red Bull Executes Its Marketing Strategy Red Bull’s  ability to stay true to its branding and values is what makes them successful. DID YOU KNOW: makes it easy to plan and execute your entire marketing strategy. See how you can schedule content, automate social media, manage your team, and more on one marketing calendar. 1. Maximizing The Idea Behind Their Tagline Red Bull's messaging strategy revolves around their tagline, â€Å"Red Bull gives you wings.† It focuses on the idea that their product gives people the â€Å"wings† or energy they need to do whatever they want when they want. This tagline fuels their content because they produce and record some of the most action-packed, high flying sports and activities the world has ever seen. Need a little help jumping out of a plane in a flying suit? Let Red Bull give you the extra push you need. 2. Keeping Consistent Visual Branding The visual branding that Red Bull has created is a key contributor to the brand’s success. Take a look at one of their more recent YouTube videos: The content keeps the watcher engaged through a fast-paced, high-intensity stunt that leaves them wondering if they’ll actually be able to pull it off. That edge of your seat, shock-inducing mentality is what Red Bull’s branding is all about. In turn, they’re able to say, we gave people the energy (and courage) they needed to attempt something this crazy. Recommended Reading: 16 Video Marketing Tips That Will Skyrocket Your Traffic 3. Letting Values Be Their Guide Their values play a role in their content as well. They center around one core phrase â€Å"giving wings to people and ideas.† Everything that the Red Bull team communicates revolves around that tagline and their values. It’s the ability to keep that communication consistent over the past 30 years that has lead to their success. 4. Building a Strong Content Core RedBull’s content core can be summed up by saying: â€Å"Red Bull’s content core revolves around the intersection between their audience’s interest for extreme sports, festivals, and a fast-paced lifestyle with their product’s ability to keep people awake and give them energy during those events.† They focus on topics like extreme sports, music, art, dance, nightlife and a whole lot more. Because of that broad spectrum, their content can appeal to the right audience. There is one thing that Red Bull does with its content core that pushes them ahead of the pack. Every piece of content that they create matches the quality of other publications their target audience might read like Buzzfeed, Vice, ESPN, and more. That level of quality makes it seem like it’s coming from a powerhouse dedicated to creating consumable media, not an energy drink brand. Recommended Reading: How to Find Your Target Audience and Create the Best Content That Connects 5. Creating Content Around What Their Audience Loves What does every topic that they cover (and there’s a lot of them) have in common? They focus on activities that their audience would participate in while consuming their products.   They also publish that content everywhere their audience is likely to hang out. They publish a massive amount of material on their website, which, surprisingly, has no mention of their product whatsoever: They produce a magazine, The Red Bulletin, which circulates over 2.2 million copies a month: They also create awesome, awe-inspiring videos: In summary, if their target audience is consuming content on a given channel, you can count on Red Bull being there. Recommended Reading: The Most Complete Content Marketing Process Guide You Need to Get Organized 6. Revamping the Way They Use Traditional Media It’s not just content marketing that Red Bull dominates. The brand invests a substantial amount in traditional mass media channels as well. Red Bull’s TV content operates in two formats: videos they create for their online channels  (YouTube, social media, etc.)  and ads that they partner with traditional TV channel content: Their TV content resides on their online hub called Red Bull TV. Their videos and shows are segmented into formats like Events and Films as well as channel topics like Cliff Diving and Culture: They’ve moved into the music realm too. In addition to covering or sponsoring massive musical festivals, Red Bull also boasts it’s own record label, recording studio, music academy, publishing group, and online radio station. Recommended Reading: How to Make a Video Content Marketing Strategy That Will Engage Your Audience 7. By Being Loud and Proud With Social Media Strategy Social media is another channel that Red Bull dominates with authority. Their Facebook page, for example, is full of artistic videos that blend together visually appealing images, music created by their own record label that pumps up viewers, and the sports and events their audience loves. Their message is short and sweet while the first 3 seconds leave you wondering what is happening. You have no choice but to see it through to the end: Leonardo Fioravanti Man-made waves hand-made surfing skills. Posted by Red Bull on Tuesday, November 28, 2017 Their Twitter and Instagram channels on the other hand focus on â€Å"wow† worthy images  to promote shares and interaction with their fans. What’s a wow worthy image for Red Bull? According to Link Humans, it’s images that capture speed, sport and motion: Wings with a view. Where are your wings taking you this week? pic.twitter.com/ZKrEtr40yb - Red Bull (@redbull) November 14, 2017 Their  ability to create dynamic social media posts that  are so engaging it stops fans from scrolling past it is what makes them a social media success.  Each media piece looks like their subject is in motion, which reflects the brand’s high energy aesthetic. Recommended Reading: How to Create the Best Documented Social Media Marketing Strategy in Eight Steps 8. Bringing The Product To The Audience With Sponsorships and Events Finally, Red Bull’s sponsorship and events are the last part of their marketing strategy that seals the domination of their brand. Let’s  break their efforts into three categories: Publicity stunts. Events they’ve created. Sponsorships. Their publicity stunts are so crazy it forces the world to stop and watch. Of course, there’s their Stratos Jump, but there’s more. Take the Red Bull Air Force  team  for example. This group is dedicated to pulling off some of the craziest aerial acrobatics ever seen: Then there are their events, like Red Bull Crashed Ice  or Red Bull Queen of the Bay  that focus on specific sports like ice cross or surfing respectfully. These events focus on fans of the sport and raise awareness of the Red Bull brand. Finally, there are sponsorships. From the Electric Daisy Carnival  in Las Vegas to Coachella, Red Bull is involved with it all. It’s a genius move on the company’s part because who attends all of those events? Their target audience. Not only that, but those sponsorships allow Red Bull to expose the brand to new audiences due to the sheer number of people who attend. Recommended Reading: How to Use an Event Calendar to Organize Your #IRL Attendance Why Their Strategy Works Red Bull’s strategy works because of three  different things: The first is their ability to tell a story that entices their audience. Their focus on everything from extreme sports to music festivals gives them a wide playing field, but it’s not just that. Red Bull puts its product second, and the content and value they can give their audience first. The attention to detail that their marketing team gives is evident. These are people who care about the topics their writing, recording or creating content around. Finally, it’s their commitment to the values and aesthetic that the brand created when they first got their start that makes their marketing work. Everything they create relates back to the idea of giving people and ideas wings to fly. How to Make Red Bull’s Marketing Strategy Work For You It goes without saying, Red Bull has come a long way in the 30 years since it’s inception. From very humble beginnings to the mega-brand publishing house it is today, Red Bull is a marketing success story. Seem intimidating? Let their story serve as a reminder that your organization needs to start somewhere. They didn’t go from an idea in Thailand to a multi-mega corporation overnight. That took time, luck and some seriously hard work  (and a lot of great marketing along the way). Follow their lead by starting small. Here are some ideas: Create a short weekly video series on a topic that interests your audience. Curate social media content that intersects with your product’s purpose and your audience’s interests (without directly referencing yourself). Publish an email newsletter full of cool and useful stuff your audience might like (and maybe slap your own logo in their somewhere). The main takeaway here is this: to succeed at content marketing like Red Bull, you have to put your audience’s interests first, and create stuff that looks and sounds like the kind of content they consume from publishers. Instead of emulating other marketers, that means emulating magazines, TV shows, news websites, and anything else your audience might read and watch. Want to learn more about how to do that, exactly? Here’s some additional reading material to get you started: 16 Video Marketing Tips That Will Skyrocket Your Traffic How to Write a Video Script That Will Make $100,000,000 How to Create a Social Media Strategy In Three Steps (With a Template) How to Write Like a Journalist to Be a Better Marketing Storyteller How to Generate Data-Backed Social Media Campaign Ideas Where will your wings take you from here?

Attracting and Retaining Talent in the Current Environment Research Proposal

Attracting and Retaining Talent in the Current Environment - Research Proposal Example The current business environment or the e-world is about the opportunities that globalization and mobility offer to employees. While in the previous era, people seeking a ‘job for life’, the current world that is enabled with information technology provides a host of opportunities for the employee and the employer. Clearly, information technology and the widespread use of Internet along with globalization have broken down barriers and borders. A person from the UK would probably not hesitate if a suitable offer and position came up in the US or any other country. At the same time, employers also have the option of a much wider talent pool and an HR person from the UK would not hesitate to recruit someone from the US (Martinsons, 2009). Considering all the issues and opportunities, the thesis looks at ISS as an enabler and would find ways and means to link it with SHRM thus creating a competitive advantage for a firm. The paper would be using both primary and secondary re search with extensive literature review and survey to link the two areas. Â  Competitive advantage for organizations is obtained by managing and maintaining key resources that are scarce and are difficult for other firms to imitate and which provide a firm an advantage over its rivals. Among the key resources available, human resources are regarded by many firms as irreplaceable. Being ‘irreplaceable’ is very true in the case of hi-technology firms such as Intel or Pharmaceutical companies that have a high worth of intellectual capital. Other firms also regard skilled technicians, good instructors, a good sales team or even excellent programmers as valuable and these employees help in retaining a competitive advantage (Youndt, 2006). Â  

Thomas Cook and the modern tourism industry. The Evolution of Essay

Thomas Cook and the modern tourism industry. The Evolution of International Tourism - Essay Example The specific industry has appeared rather early, around the 15th century; however, it was only in the 19th century that the first schemes of modern tourism appeared. Thomas Cook has been an entrepreneur who highly influenced modern tourism. The perceptions of the above entrepreneur on tourism had led to the transformation of the industry and the establishment of advanced forms of tourism, which affected not only the British but also the global economy. The impact of Thomas Cook on modern tourism is reviewed in this paper. Emphasis is given on the contributions of Thomas Cook that mostly affected the tourism industry; reference is made both in the short and the long-term effects of the intervention of Thomas Cook in the tourism industry. It is made clear that the role of Thomas Cook in the development of modern tourism has been decisive. However, the current form of modern tourism is the result of the rapid development of technology worldwide, which allowed the improvement of infrastr ucture for the needs of the tourism industry and the increase of destinations. Because of Thomas Cook the tourism industry was made accessible to people of all economic and social characteristics, a fact which is considered as the key contribution of Thomas Cook in the specific industry, along perhaps with the packaging tours, a scheme first introduced by Thomas Cook (Sayre and King 2009). In other words, Thomas Cook set the basis for modern tourism; the industry’s development through the decades has been strongly based on economic and technological development as promoted in countries worldwide. 2. Thomas Cook and the modern tourism industry 2.1. Origins and characteristics of the modern tourism industry The first forms of tourism can be identified in Britain of 15th century. In the 16th century also, the mansions used across England ‘became cultural centres’ (Page and Connell 2006, p.28). It was during the above periods that the origins of tourism can be identi fied. The ‘visiting friends and relatives scheme’ (Page and Connell 2006, p.28) was considered as the initial form of tourism in Britain. In the 17th century, the ‘polite tourism’ (Page and Connell 2006, p.28) was highly developed. In the context of this type of tourism, visits were made to important members of the society (Page and Connell 2006). The health tourism, i.e. the visit to areas that would benefit the health, also appeared in the 17th century, and has been further developed up today (Page and Connell 2006). In the centuries that followed, the characteristics of tourism were changed. Instead of a pleasure enjoyed by only the rich, tourism became an activity for the masses; the mass tourism, which was first developed by Thomas Cook, as, explained below. The most common view regarding the development of modern tourism is included in the study of Best (2010). In accordance with the above researcher, the transformation of travel to modern tourism too k place in 1841 through the ‘railway journey from Leicester to Loughborough in the context of a Temperance meeting’ (Best 2010, p.139). Thomas Cook arranged the above meeting considering that it would be a good chance for families to visit a place with a dry climate, like Loughborough. The relationship between modern tourism and the above event is highly emphasized in the literature, showing the contribution of Thomas Cook in the development of travel as a leisure activity. The transformation of tourism through the centuries reveals the following fact: tourism has passed a phase of

The Voting of Many But Not All Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Voting of Many But Not All - Essay Example After 9/11, the United States found itself at that point more than ever needing the elected officials in Washington to come together and work towards protecting the needs of the citizens at a time of the greatest uncertainty. With that being said, when it comes down for election time, the levels at which people come out and vote are not still at maximum capacity. As this is an election year, the statistics for this year will not be available until later on, but with all things considered, 2008 is appearing to be a year of stronger voting numbers. The question is how come voting numbers in recent elections have not been as strong as they may be now According to the US Census report from March 2006 in regards to the voting numbers for the 2004 general election, "In the Presidential election of November 2004, the sixty-four percent of voting-age citizens who voted was higher than the sixty percent who turned out in 2000. This was the highest turnout in a presidential election year since 1992, when sixty-eight percent of voting age citizens voted. The overall number of people who voted in the November 2004 election was 126 million, a record high for a presidential election year," Adding that, "Voter turnout increased by 15 million voters from the election in 2000. During this same 4-year period, the voting-age citizen population increased by eleven million people," ("Registration" p.1). In the same report, the Census shows that based on the 2004 reported totals, it appears that both males and females had roughly the same percentage of registration to vote. That would serve to put a hole in the idea that one gender votes more than the other, but not quite in that registering to vote, while it does show intent, cannot guarantee follow-through. The '06 report also details the statistics that native citizens are more inclined to vote than those who are foreigners, as well as that the older population does tend to vote at a higher rate than the younger population does. As it gets closer to election time, there are countless pushes made to get out the vote, especially the vote of the ever desirable 18-24 demographic. With organizations like Rock the Vote, young people are given countless opportunities to reach out and flex their civic muscle for the greater good. Their website states that, "Rock the Vote mobilizes young people to create positive social and political change in their lives and communities. The goal of Rock the Vote's media campaigns and street team activities is to increase youth voter turnout," ("Rock p.1). Assessing the information, the question could be asked that when it comes time to vote, do people even have all of the information which they need to make a responsible voting decision when they reach the polls The online website Wikipedia says that, "Modern political science has questioned whether average citizens have sufficient political information to cast meaningful votes," ("Voting" p.1). This is a question that in itself is the root of the final voting levels which are seen on Election Day. Many reasons can be given as to why this occurs. Voter apathy, lack of education, or even in the worst case scenario, voter intimidation which unfortunately has been accused of happening in recent years. A good example provided of how this can be true is the article by the website CommonDreams.org. In their article

Shakespeare in Love Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Shakespeare in Love - Movie Review Example This essay considers background information related to the film Shakespeare in Love, including plot, and presents a general critique of various filmic aspects. The film itself is set in 1593 Europe and as indicated occurs during the time period when William Shakespeare was writing Romeo and Juliet. The play begins presenting two competing theatres and extends into other dramatic elements. Researchers have analyzed the play and noted the two central cruces to by the need to get a play produced and the extent that the play will be able to truly articulate the concept of love. In addition, Huntley has considered how the play presents the underlining human drive of desire and love, as articulated in the romance that occurs between Shakespeare and Viola, and the complications presented by Lord Wessex. Shakespeare is indicated to be working for The Rose Theatre. Geoffrey Rush plays Philip Henslowe who is the owner of the theatre. While he has constructed a play titled Romeo and Ethel, the Pirate’s Daughter, upon learning that his love interest has cheated on him with another man he rewrites the play as Romeo and Juliet. Shakespeare begins to hold auditions for the lead roles in the play. One of the people that audition for Romeo is Gwyneth Paltrow’s character Viola de Lesseps; however, she is disguised as a man. Shakespeare begins a relationship with Viola after discovering her true identity. In many regards, their relationship resembles that of the fictional relationship of Romeo and Juliet in that in many regards it seems doomed to fail. For instance, Shakespeare is already married, and Viola’s family intends for her to marry a wealthy aristocrat named Lord Wessex. During this time another famed playwright, Christopher Marlowe is featured who offers Shakespeare various types of advice. Soon Shakespeare and Viola find themselves in front of the Queen and make a bet that a player cannot be written that captures the true nature of love. Shakespear e works to present Romeo and Juliet as the true essence of love.